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Initiative for Climate Action Transparency (ICAT) Renewable Energy Methodology helps policymakers assess the impacts of renewable energy policies and improve the effectiveness of policies. Renewable energy policies contribute to sustainable development in many ways, including through changes in economic activity, employment, air quality, public health, water consumption and energy security. The most significant GHG impact is a reduction in emissions from existing and new fossil fuel power plants, caused by the substitution of electricity generated by fossil fuel sources with that generated by renewable sources.