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This is the third in a series of European Environment Agency reports on the circular economy in support of the framing, implementation and evaluation of European circular economy policy from an environmental perspective. Biomass and bio-based products are a priority, but an encompassing approach to their application and wider sustainability aspects, including biodiversity impacts and nutrient cycles, is lacking. This report explores possible synergies, tensions, gaps and trade-offs between the bio-and circular economies’ objectives and actions. The Bioeconomy Strategy pays little attention to ecodesign and waste collection, sorting and suitability for high-grade recycling treatment.