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Many governments and companies are adopting net zero climate targets as they recognize the urgency of the climate crisis. Without clear definition, these targets risk being reliant on using vast swathes of land in low-income countries to capture carbon emissions. It could also lead to an explosion in demand for land which, if not subject to careful safeguards, might risk increasing hunger and fueling land inequality. Land-based climate solutions must centre ‘food-first’ approaches that help achieve both emissions and zero hunger.