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The IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) synthesises extensive research on climate change, involving contributions from 782 experts across 91 nations and citing 85,000 studies. It confirms that human activities, particularly the emission of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, have unequivocally warmed the atmosphere, oceans, and land. Current policies could lead to approximately 3°C of warming by 2100, but uncertainties mean 4°C cannot be ruled out. The report emphasises the urgency of halving CO2 emissions by 2030 and achieving net-zero emissions by the early 2050s to meet the Paris Agreement targets. Effective adaptation strategies are crucial as climate impacts, such as extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and biodiversity loss, become more severe. The report also highlights the need for increased climate finance and innovation in low-emission technologies, particularly in developing nations. While the path to net-zero will be challenging, it is achievable with coordinated global efforts in mitigation, adaptation, and financial investment.
